A Doll House Essays - A Dolls House, Memory Of The World Register

A Doll House Essays - A Dolls House, Memory Of The World Register A Doll House In Isben's A Doll House as in Glaspell's Trifles, the women in the play are seen as subordinates to their male counterparts. The men believe that the women are not capable of making difficult decisions, or thinking for themselves. They also fail to give importance to the women's jobs as homemakers. In the case of Trifles, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters discourse is seen as insignificant to the murder of Mr. Wright. In A Doll House, Nora chooses to abandon her duty as a wife and mother to find her own individuality. The men in both of the plays are responsible for their own fall, their false presumptions of women and patronizing ways are the main conflicts in the plays. The women in Trifles are seen as extensions of their husbands and therefore their husbands assume they can be left alone, as Mr. Hale says, "worrying over trifles." The play illustrates the life of a woman who has lost her individuality. She has lived isolated from society and her "hard" husband, who she eventually murders in an attempt to regain her freedom. Mrs. Wright, in her younger years, wore pretty clothes, sang in the choir, and had an overall flair for life. After she married Mr. Wright, she lived a detached rural life in a gloomy house. Mrs. Wright is forced to live the disrespected, subordinate role of a housewife while her husband makes the money. The men make many troublesome presumptions of women's roles in society. One was Mrs.Wright's wanting her apron so she will feel more natural, as if women who were not homemakers were unnatural. Another was leaving the women alone on the assumption that Mrs.Peters is married to the law and therefore would obey it. The evidence the men need is in the quilt that Mrs. Wright was sowing and in the dead bird found in the box. At first, the women are reluctant to conceal the evidence, but they finally identify with Mrs.Wright and hide the evidence that would implicate her in the murder of her husband. They too regain their identity in this meaningful experience. In A Doll House, Nora, the protagonist, has been treated as a "play thing" all her life by her father and then her husband, Torvald. She is thought to be fragile and incapable of resolving any serious problems. The pet names like lark, squirrel, and songbird further diminish her status. Nora, however, secretly borrows money form Krogstad to take Torvald away when he is sick. Krogstad eventually exposes Nora's secret gives her a miracle as well. She sees, for the first time in eight years, that Torvald has never taken her seriously and no longer loves her. Even after Nora tells him she is leaving, Torvald says, "Oh, you blind, incompetent child," again reluctant to accept the fact that she is strong and can persevere. Torvald is unwilling to see that Nora needs to educate herself and obtain her individuality, he can not do it for her. Both of the plays, A Doll House and Trifles , come from a feminist perspective. They deal with the relationships between men and women. The men in both of the plays view the women as secondary figures who could not understand problems in the real world. Their conflicts rest on their assumptions of the roles of women. In Trifles, the women prove to be valuable detectives, and in A Doll House, Nora relinquishes her stereotypical duties to achieve her personal goals.

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley was born in Dublin, Ireland in late April or early May 1769, and was the fourth son of Garret Wesley, Earl of Mornington and his wife Anne. Though initially educated locally, Wellesley later attended Eton (1781-1784), before receiving additional schooling in Brussels, Belgium. After a year at the French Royal Academy of Equitation, he returned to England in 1786. As the family was short on funds, Wellesley was encouraged to pursue a military career and was able to use connections to the Duke of Rutland to secure an ensigns commission in the army. Serving as an aide-de-camp to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Wellesley was promoted to lieutenant in 1787. While serving in Ireland, he decided to enter politics and was elected to the Irish House of Commons representing Trim in 1790. Promoted to captain a year later, he fell in love with Kitty Packenham and sought her hand in marriage in 1793. His offer was declined by her family and Wellesley elected to refocus on his career. As such, he first purchased a majors commission in the 33rd Regiment of Foot before buying the lieutenant colonelcy in September 1793. Arthur Wellesleys First Campaigns India In 1794, Wellesleys regiment was ordered to join the Duke of Yorks campaign in Flanders. Part of the French Revolutionary Wars, the campaign was an attempt by coalition forces to invade France. Taking part in the Battle of Boxtel in September, Wellesley was horrified by the campaigns poor leadership and organization. Returning to England in early 1795, he was promoted to colonel a year later. In mid-1796, his regiment received orders to sail for Calcutta, India. Arriving the following February, Wellesley was joined in 1798 by his brother Richard who had been appointed Governor-General of India. With the outbreak of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1798, Wellesley took part in the campaign to defeat the Sultan of Mysore, Tipu Sultan. Performing well, he played a key role in the victory at the Battle of Seringapatam in April-May, 1799. Serving as the local governor after the British triumph, Wellesley was promoted to brigadier general in 1801. Elevated to major general a year later, he led British forces to victory in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Honing his skills in the process, he badly defeated the enemy at Assaye, Argaum, and Gawilghur.​ Returning Home For his efforts in India, Wellesley was knighted in September 1804. Returning home in 1805, he took part in the failed Anglo-Russian campaign along the Elbe. Later that year and due to his new status, he was permitted by the Packenhams to marry Kitty. Elected to Parliament from Rye in 1806, he later was made a privy councilor and appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland. Taking part in the British expedition to Denmark in 1807, he led troops to victory at the Battle of Kà ¸ge in August. Promoted to lieutenant general in April 1808, he accepted command of a force intended to attack the Spanish colonies in South America. To Portugal Departing in July 1808, Wellesleys expedition was instead directed to the Iberian Peninsula to aid Portugal. Going ashore, he defeated the French at Rolià §a and Vimeiro in August. After the latter engagement, he was superseded in command by General Sir Hew Dalrymple who concluded the Convention of Sintra with the French. This permitted the defeated army to return to France with their plunder with Royal Navy providing transportation. As a result of this lenient agreement, both Dalrymple and Wellesley were recalled to Britain to face a Court of Enquiry. The Peninsular War Facing the board, Wellesley was cleared as he had only signed the preliminary armistice under orders. Advocating for a return to Portugal, he lobbied the government showing that it was a front on which the British could effectively fight the French. In April 1809, Wellesley arrived at Lisbon and began preparing for new operations. Going on the offensive, he defeated Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult at the Second Battle of Porto in May and pressed into Spain to unite with Spanish forces under General Gregorio Garcà ­a de la Cuesta. Defeating a French army at Talavera in July, Wellesley was forced to withdraw when Soult threatened to cut his supply lines to Portugal. Short on supplies and increasingly frustrated by Cuesta, he retreated by into Portuguese territory. In 1810, reinforced French forces under Marshal Andrà © Massà ©na invaded Portugal forcing Wellesley to retreat behind the formidable Lines of Torres Vedras. As Massà ©na was unable to break through the lines a stalemate ensued. After remaining in Portugal for six months, the French were forced to retreat in early 1811 due to sickness and starvation. Advancing from Portugal, Wellesley laid siege to Almeida in April 1811. Advancing to the citys aid, Massà ©na met him at the Battle of Fuentes de Oà ±oro in early May. Winning a strategic victory, Wellesley was promoted to general on July 31. In 1812, he moved against the fortified cities of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz. Storming the former in January, Wellesley secured the latter after a bloody fight in early April. Pushing deeper into Spain, he won a decisive victory over Marshal Auguste Marmont at the Battle of Salamanca in July. Victory in Spain For his triumph, he was made Earl then Marquess of Wellington. Moving on to Burgos, Wellington was unable to take the city and was forced to retreat back to Ciudad Rodrigo that fall when Soult and Marmont united their armies. In 1813, he advanced north of Burgos and switched his supply base to Santander. This move forced the French to abandon Burgos and Madrid. Outflanking the French lines, he crushed the retreating enemy at the Battle of Vitoria on June 21. In recognition of this, he was promoted to field marshal. Pursuing the French, he laid siege to San Sebastin in July and defeated Soult at Pyrenees, Bidassoa and Nivelle. Invading France, Wellington drove Soult back after victories at the Nive and Orthez before hemming the French commander in at Toulouse in early 1814. After bloody fighting, Soult, having learned of Napoleons abdication, agreed to an armistice. The Hundred Days Elevated to Duke of Wellington, he first served as ambassador to France before becoming first plenipotentiary to the Congress of Vienna. With Napoleons escape from Elba and subsequent return to power in February 1815, Wellington raced to Belgium to take command of the Allied army. Clashing with the French at Quatre Bras on June 16, Wellington withdrew to a ridge near Waterloo. Two days later, Wellington and Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼cher decisively defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. Later Life With the end of the war, Wellington returned to politics as Master-General of the Ordnance in 1819. Eight years later he was made Commander-in-Chief of the British Army. Increasingly influential with the Tories, Wellington became prime minister in 1828. Though staunchly conservative, he advocated for and granted Catholic Emancipation. Increasingly unpopular, his government fell after only two years. He later served as foreign secretary and minister without portfolio in the governments of Robert Peel. Retiring from politics in 1846, he retained his military position until his death. Wellington died at Walmer Castle on September 14, 1852 after suffering a stroke. Following a state funeral, he was buried at St. Pauls Cathedral in London near Britains other hero of the Napoleonic Wars, Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson.